Ratio Decidendi
Once some damage was foreseeable from the defendant's negligent act, the defendant was liable for all direct consequences, however unforeseeable. This is the 'directness' test of remoteness.
তথ্য
Stevedores negligently dropped a plank into the hold of a ship. The plank caused a spark which ignited petrol vapour, destroying the ship. It was foreseeable that dropping the plank might cause some damage, but not fire.
রায়ের সারসংক্ষেপ
The Court of Appeal held that the charterers were liable for the fire damage. Once some damage (e.g., denting) was foreseeable, they were liable for all direct consequences, regardless of whether the specific type of damage (fire) was foreseeable.
মূল উদ্ধৃতি
"Once the act is negligent, the fact that its exact operation was not foreseen is immaterial."
— Bankes LJ
পরবর্তী ব্যবহার
Overruled by The Wagon Mound (No 1) [1961], which replaced the directness test with the reasonable foreseeability test for remoteness.