요약
The Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 is the primary statute governing the framework for national insurance contributions and the main social security benefits in Great Britain. It consolidated earlier legislation and sets out the rules for contributory and non-contributory benefits including Jobseeker's Allowance, Incapacity Benefit (now replaced by ESA), statutory sick pay, statutory maternity pay, child benefit, and the state retirement pension. Though much of the benefits landscape has been reformed by Universal Credit, the Act remains the foundation of the UK welfare system.
핵심 포인트
- National insurance contribution classes and liability (Part I)
- Contributory benefits — Jobseeker's Allowance, incapacity benefit, bereavement benefits (Part II)
- Non-contributory benefits — attendance allowance, disability living allowance, carer's allowance (Part III)
- Statutory sick pay obligations on employers (Part XI)
- Statutory maternity pay and statutory paternity pay (Part XII)
- Child benefit and guardian's allowance (Part IX)
- Category A and B state retirement pensions (Part II, ss.43–55)
편과 조
개정 이력
2007 — Welfare Reform Act 2007
Replaced incapacity benefit with Employment and Support Allowance (ESA), introducing the work capability assessment.
2012 — Welfare Reform Act 2012
Created Universal Credit to replace six means-tested benefits including income-based JSA, income-related ESA, housing benefit, child tax credit, working tax credit, and income support.