ਸਾਰ
The Employment Tribunals Act 1996 provides the framework for the employment tribunal system in Great Britain. It establishes employment tribunals (renamed from 'industrial tribunals' in 1998) to determine the wide range of statutory employment claims — unfair dismissal, discrimination, unlawful deductions from wages, redundancy payments, and many others — and the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT), which hears appeals from the tribunals on points of law. It deals with the tribunals' composition (an employment judge sitting alone, or with lay members), their procedure and remedies, conciliation through ACAS, and enforcement — including financial penalties against employers who fail to pay tribunal awards.
ਮੁੱਖ ਨੁਕਤੇ
- Establishes employment tribunals (formerly industrial tribunals) and the Employment Appeal Tribunal (EAT)
- Wide statutory jurisdiction — unfair dismissal, discrimination, wages, redundancy, and more
- Composition — an employment judge sitting alone or with lay members (s.4)
- The EAT hears appeals from the tribunals on points of law only (ss.20-21)
- Remedies include compensation, reinstatement, and re-engagement
- Mandatory ACAS early conciliation before most claims can be brought
ਹਿੱਸੇ ਅਤੇ ਧਾਰਾਵਾਂ
ਸੋਧਾਂ ਦਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸ
1998 — Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998
Renamed industrial tribunals as employment tribunals and enabled tribunals to be chaired by employment judges sitting alone.
2013 — Enterprise and Regulatory Reform Act 2013
Introduced mandatory ACAS early conciliation before a claim may be brought and provided for financial penalties against employers who breach workers' rights.