عدالتی نظرثانی
عوامی اداروں کے فیصلوں کو چیلنج، نظرثانی کی بنیاد اور تدارک۔
تعارف
Judicial review is the mechanism by which the High Court supervises public power. It concerns legality, not merits. Grounds include illegality, irrationality (Wednesbury unreasonableness), and procedural unfairness.
بنیادی اصول
Three Grounds — Illegality, irrationality, and procedural impropriety (GCHQ [1985]).
Proportionality — Applied where fundamental rights are engaged (post-HRA 1998).
Standing — The applicant must have 'sufficient interest' (s.31(3) Senior Courts Act 1981).
Permission Stage — Claims must be arguable and brought within 3 months.
Remedies — Quashing orders, mandatory orders, prohibiting orders, declarations, injunctions.
Ouster Clauses — Courts resist attempts to exclude judicial review (Anisminic [1969]).
اہم قوانین
Senior Courts Act 1981
Human Rights Act 1998
اہم مقدمات
عام حالات
Council refuses planning permission unreasonably
If irrational or failing to consider material factors, judicial review may succeed. Planning JR must be issued within 6 weeks.