사회복지법
유니버설 크레딧, 장애 급여, 항소 및 사회보장 심판소.
소개
Social welfare law governs the provision of state benefits and support in England & Wales. The welfare system was significantly reformed by the Welfare Reform Act 2012, which introduced Universal Credit to replace six legacy benefits. The Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 remains the foundation for contributory benefits. Disputes are resolved through mandatory reconsideration and appeals to the First-tier Tribunal (Social Security and Child Support).
핵심 원칙
Universal Credit — A single means-tested benefit replacing Income Support, income-based JSA, income-related ESA, Housing Benefit, Child Tax Credit, and Working Tax Credit. Administered by DWP.
Personal Independence Payment — A non-means-tested disability benefit for those aged 16–66 with long-term health conditions or disabilities affecting daily living and/or mobility.
Mandatory Reconsideration — Before appealing to the tribunal, claimants must request a mandatory reconsideration of the decision by the DWP.
Tribunal Appeals — Appeals are heard by the First-tier Tribunal (Social Security and Child Support). The tribunal can substitute its own decision. Further appeal to the Upper Tribunal on points of law.
Sanctions — Universal Credit can be reduced (sanctioned) for failures to meet work-related requirements. Sanctions can be challenged through mandatory reconsideration and appeal.
Housing Benefit — For those not yet on Universal Credit, Housing Benefit helps with rent costs. Local Housing Allowance rates apply to private tenants.
핵심 법령
Welfare Reform Act 2012
Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992
주요 판례
R (Carmichael) v Secretary of State for Work and Pensions
[2016] UKSC 58
일반적인 시나리오
Universal Credit claim refused
Request a mandatory reconsideration within one month. If unsuccessful, appeal to the First-tier Tribunal. The tribunal rehears the case and can substitute its own decision. Free advice is available from Citizens Advice and welfare rights organisations.
Benefit sanction applied unfairly
Request a mandatory reconsideration, explaining why the sanction is wrong. If unsuccessful, appeal to the tribunal. Hardship payments may be available during the sanction period.