Chinese translation. This page is translated from the canonical English version for general information. UK legal terms do not always translate exactly — check the English source for legal decisions and seek professional advice for important matters. The English page is authoritative.
All Legal Journeys
Housing Law
England only
4 stages
3–9 months
Reviewed 2026-05-22
Rent Repayment Order (RRO) claim journey
Tenant claim for up to 12 months' rent back from a landlord who has committed certain housing offences (e.g. illegal eviction, unprotected deposit, HMO without licence).
Who Uses This Journey
Tenants in England whose landlord has committed an RRO-eligible offence (Housing and Planning Act 2016 s.40). Up to 12 months' rent recoverable.
Stage-by-Stage Timeline
1
1
Identify the offence
Map the conduct to one of the 7 RRO-eligible offences (illegal eviction, unprotected deposit, HMO unlicensed, etc.).
Evidence Needed
- Tenancy agreement
- Rent payment history
- Photos / correspondence relating to the offence
2
2
Calculate the rent paid
RRO can be up to 12 months' rent. Calculate the rent paid in the 12 months before the offence.
3
3
Apply to the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber)
Use Form RRO1. Free for tenants. 12-month limitation from the date of the offence.
Forms at This Stage
4
4
Hearing and award
Tribunal hearing. Awards typically £5,000–£20,000.
Possible Outcomes
- RRO awarded (up to 12 months' rent)
- Partial award
- Refused