How do I report a crime to the police in England and Wales?

Victims can report a crime to the police by calling 999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies, or using online reporting services. Once the crime is reported, the police will issue a crime reference number to the victim.

What happens if the police decide not to charge someone?

The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) will make a charging decision if there is sufficient evidence and it is in the public interest to do so. If the CPS decides not to charge, victims have the right to request a review of that decision through the Victims' Right to Review process.

What support is available for vulnerable witnesses in court?

Vulnerable witnesses may be eligible for special measures during the court process to help them give evidence. These measures can include using screens, appearing via video link, or having an intermediary present to assist with communication.

How long do I have to apply for criminal injuries compensation?

Victims can apply to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) for compensation separately from the criminal court process. This application must be made within two years of the crime occurring.

Who does the Victims' Code apply to?

The Victims' Code applies to all NHS, police, Crown Prosecution Service, and courts in England and Wales. It sets out the standards of service that victims of crime can expect throughout the criminal justice process.

All Legal Journeys

Criminal Law

England & Wales

6 stages

Months to years

Reviewed 2026-05-22

Victim reporting journey

From crime to police report, CPS charging, court process, and Victims' Right to Review.

This page mainly applies to England and Wales. Scotland and Northern Ireland may have different rules — check the jurisdiction before relying on this information.

Who Uses This Journey

Victims of crime in England and Wales — the Victims' Code applies to all NHS, police, CPS, and courts.

Stage-by-Stage Timeline

Report to police

Crime reported via 999 (emergency), 101 (non-emergency), or online. Crime reference number issued.

Investigation

Police investigate, take statements, gather evidence. Victim Personal Statement opportunity.

CPS charging decision

If sufficient evidence and public interest, CPS charges. If not, no charge — Victims' Right to Review (VRR) available.

Court process

Victim may give evidence; special measures (screens, video link, intermediary) available for vulnerable witnesses.

Sentencing

Victim Impact Statement read; compensation order possible.

Possible Outcomes

Conviction → sentence
Acquittal
Compensation order

Criminal Injuries Compensation

Separately, apply to CICA within 2 years of the crime.

Official Sources

Victims' Code

Frequently asked questions

How do I report a crime to the police in England and Wales?: Victims can report a crime to the police by calling 999 for emergencies, 101 for non-emergencies, or using online reporting services. Once the crime is reported, the police will issue a crime reference number to the victim.
What happens if the police decide not to charge someone?: The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) will make a charging decision if there is sufficient evidence and it is in the public interest to do so. If the CPS decides not to charge, victims have the right to request a review of that decision through the Victims' Right to Review process.
What support is available for vulnerable witnesses in court?: Vulnerable witnesses may be eligible for special measures during the court process to help them give evidence. These measures can include using screens, appearing via video link, or having an intermediary present to assist with communication.
How long do I have to apply for criminal injuries compensation?: Victims can apply to the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA) for compensation separately from the criminal court process. This application must be made within two years of the crime occurring.
Who does the Victims' Code apply to?: The Victims' Code applies to all NHS, police, Crown Prosecution Service, and courts in England and Wales. It sets out the standards of service that victims of crime can expect throughout the criminal justice process.